Link:  Pharm/Biotech Resources

Title:  Aerosol drug formulations containing hydrofluoroalkanes and alkyl saccharides

United States Patent:  6,932,962

Issued:  August 23, 2005

Inventors:  Bäckström; Kjell (Lund, SE); Dahlbäck; Magnus (Lund, SE); Johansson; Ann (Lund, SE); Källstrand; Göran (Bjärred, SE); Lindqvist; Elisabet (Lund, SE)

Assignee:  AstraZeneca AB (Södertälje, SE)

Appl. No.:  601005

Filed:  December 19, 1995

PCT Filed:  December 19, 1995

PCT NO:  PCT/SE95/01542

371 Date:  March 1, 1997

102(e) Date:  March 1, 1997

PCT PUB.NO.:  WO96/19198

PCT PUB. Date:  June 27, 1996

Aerosol formulations suitable for use in pressurised metered dose inhalers comprise a hydrofluoroalkane propellant, an medicament for inhalation and a surfactant which is a a C₈-C₁₆ fatty acid or salt thereof, a bile salt, a phospholipid, or an alkyl saccharide.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has now been found that certain specific classes of surfactant are particularly suitable for use with the new generation of propellant.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical aerosol formulation comprising a hydrofluoroalkane propellant or a mixture of hydrofluoroalkane propellants, a physiologically effective amount of a medicament for inhalation and a surfactant selected from a C₈-C₁₆ fatty acid or salt thereof, a bile salt, a phospholipid or an alkyl saccharide.

The surfactants employed in the present invention give fine dispersions in the new propellants, with good stability. The inventive formulations are therefore useful for administering inhalable medicaments.

Of the fatty acid surfactants and salts thereof, C₈-C₁₆ fatty acids salts are preferred. Examples of preferred fatty acid salts are sodium, potassium and lysine salts of caprylate (C₈), caprate (C₁₀), laurate (C₁₂) and myristate (C₁₄). As the nature of the counterion is not of special significance, any of the salts of the fatty acids are potentially useful. A particularly preferred fatty acid salt is sodium caprate.

Suitable bile salts may be for example salts of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid.

Of the bile salts, trihydroxy bile salts are preferred. More preferred are the salts of cholic, glycocholic and taurocholic acids, especially the sodium and potassium salts thereof. The most preferred bile salt is sodium taurocholate.

Suitable phospholipids may be for example single-chain phospholipids, for example lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylglycerols, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylinositols and lysophosphatidylserines or double-chain phospholipids, for example diacylphosphatidylcholines, diacylphosphatidylglycerols, diacylphosphatidylethanolamines, diacylphosphatidylinositols and diacylphosphatidylserines.

Of the phospholipids, diacylphosphatidylglycerols and diacylphosphatidylcholines are preferred, for example dioctanoylphosphatidylglycerol and dioctanoylphosphatidylcholine.

Suitable alkyl saccharides may be for example alkyl glucosides or alkyl maltosides, for example decyl glucoside and dodecyl maltoside.

The most preferred surfactants are bile salts.

The propellant may comprise for example one or more of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (P134a), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (P227) and 1,1-difluoroethane (P152a), optionally in admixture with one or more other propellants. Prefereably the propellant comprises 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (P134a) or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (P227), or a mixture of P134a and P227, for example a density-matched mixture of P134a and P227.

In addition to medicament, propellant and surfactant, a small amount of ethanol (normally up to 5% but possibly up to 20%, by weight) may be included in the formulations of the present invention. Ethanol is commonly included in aerosol compositions as it can improve the function of the metering valve and in some cases also improve the stability of the dispersion.

Medicaments suitable for inclusion in the formulation of the present invention are any which may be delivered by inhalation. Suitable inhalable medicaments may include for example β2-adrenoreceptor agonists for example salbutamol, terbutaline, rimiterol, fenoterol, reproterol, adrenaline, pirbuterol, isoprenaline, orciprenaline, bitolterol, salmeterol, formoterol, clenbuterol, procaterol, broxaterol, picumeterol, TA-2005, mabuterol and the like, and their pharmacologically acceptable esters and salts; anticholinergic bronchodilators for example ipratropium bromide and the like; glucocorticosteroids for example beclomethasone, fluticasone, budesonide, tipredane, dexamethasone, betamethasone, fluocinolone, triamcinolone acetonide, mometasone, and the like, and their pharmacologically acceptable esters and salts; anti-allergic medicaments for example sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium; expectorants; mucolytics; antihistamines; cyclooxygenase inhibitors; leukotriene synthesis inhibitors; leukotriene antagonists, phospholipase-A2 (PLA2) inhibitors, platelet aggregating factor (PAF) antagonists and prophylactics of asthma; antiarrhythmic medicaments, tranquilisers, cardiac glycosides, hormones, anti-hypertensive medicaments, antidiabetic- antiparasitic- and anticancer- medicaments, sedatives and analgesic medicaments, antibiotics, antirheumatic medicaments, immunotherapies, antifungal and antihypotension medicaments, vaccines, antiviral medicaments, proteins, peptides, vitamins and others, for example cell surface receptor blockers, antioxidants, free radical scavengers and organic salts of N,N′-diacetylcystine.

Combinations of medicaments are also suitable, for example a combination of formoterol and budesonide.

The medicaments may be used in the form of salts or esters or solvates (hydrates), where appropriate.

Other ingredients may be added into the formulation of the present invention, if desired. Such ingredients may be for example other pharmaceutically active agents, adjuvants, carriers, flavouring agents, buffers, antioxidants, chemical stabilisers and the like.

Preferably the surfactant and medicament are present in the present invention in a ratio of approximately 1:50 to 1:0.2. The preferred concentration of medicament in the formulations of the present invention is 0.1 mg/ml to 25 mg/ml.

"A medicament for inhalation" means a medicament which is suitable for inhalation and which consists largely of particles in a size range appropriate for maximal deposition in the lower respiratory tract (i.e., under 10 microns). Therefore as much as possible of the medicament preferably consists of particles having a diameter of less than 10 microns, for example 0.01-10 microns or 0.1-6 microns, for example 0.1-5 microns. Preferably at least 50% of the medicament consists of particles within the desired size range. For example at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80% and most preferably at least 90% of the medicament consists of particles within the desired size range.

Therefore, the medicament for use in the present invention may have to be processsed prior to inclusion in the formulations, in order to produce particles in the desired size range. For example the medicament may be micronised, for example out in a suitable mill, for example a jet mill. Alternatively, particles in the desired particle range may be obtained by for example spray drying or controlled crystallisation methods, for example crystallisation using supercritical fluids.

Preferably, the surfactant for use in the present invention is also in the desired particle size range.

Where the surfactant and medicament are both micronised, they may be dry mixed and then micronised together, or they may be micronised separately and then mixed. The propellant and optional ethanol may be added thereafter, in one or more than one step.

Alternatively a portion of the micronised surfactant may be cold-mixed with a portion of the propellant and optional ethanol, whereafter the micronised medicament may be added. After mixing in of the medicament the remaining surfactant and propellant and optional ethanol may be added and the suspension filled into appropriate containers.

The aerosol formulation of the present invention is useful for the local or systemic treatment of diseases and may be administered for example via the upper and lower respiratory tract, including by the nasal route. As such the present invention also provides said aerosol formulation for use in therapy; the use of the aerosol formulation in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diseases via the respiratory tract; and a method for the treatment of a patient in need of therapy, comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of the aerosol formulation of the present invention.

The following Examples are intended to illustrate, but not limit, the invention:

Formulations of various medicaments in P134a and/or P227 with different surfactants were prepared in order to assess the quality of the suspensions formed. In the following examples the quality of the suspension is rated as "acceptable" or "good". An acceptable suspension is characterised by one or more of slow settling or separation, ready re-dispersion, little flocculation, and absence of crystallisation or morphology changes, such that the dispersion is sufficiently stable to give a uniform dosing. A good dispersion is even more stable.

EXAMPLE 1

Micronised formoterol fumarate (1 part) and micronised sodium taurocholate (2 parts) (total 5 mg) were added to a plastic coated glass bottle. The bottle was chilled to approximately 40° C. with a mixture of carbon dioxide ice and isopropanol, and 10 ml chilled P134a (at approximately 40° C.) was added. The bottle was sealed with a metering valve and treated in an ultrasonic bath for about 10 minutes.

A good suspension formed.

EXAMPLE 2

Micronised budesonide (10 parts) and micronised sodium taurocholate (2 parts) (total 5 mg) were added to a plastic coated glass bottle. The bottle was chilled to approximately 40° C. with a mixture of carbon dioxide ice and isopropanol, and 10 ml chilled P134a (at approximately 40° C.) was added. The bottle was sealed with a metering valve and treated in an ultrasonic bath for about 10 minutes.

A good suspension formed.

EXAMPLE 3

Micronised salbutamol sulphate (10 parts) and micronised sodium taurocholate (2 parts) (total 5 mg) were added to a plastic coated glass bottle. The bottle was chilled to approximately 40° C. with a mixture of carbon dioxide ice and isopropanol, and 10 ml chilled P134a (at approximately -;40° C.) was added. The bottle was sealed with a metering valve and treated in an ultrasonic bath for about 10 minutes.

A good suspension formed.

EXAMPLE 4

Micronised ipratropium bromide (1 part) and micronised sodium taurocholate (2 parts) (total 5 mg) were added to a plastic coated glass bottle. The bottle was chilled to approximately 40° C. with a mixture of carbon dioxide ice and isopropanol, and 10 ml chilled P134a (at approximately 40° C.) was added. The bottle was sealed with a metering valve and treated in an ultrasonic bath for about 10 minutes.

A good suspension formed.

EXAMPLES 5-8

Examples 14 were repeated, substituting propellant P227 for P134a. In all cases, good suspensions formed.

EXAMPLES 9-16

Examples 1-8 were repeated with the following addition: ethanol, approximately 650 μl, was added to the chilled bottle before sealing with the metering valve. In all cases, acceptable suspensions formed.

 

Claim 1 of 53 Claims

1. A pharmaceutical aerosol formulation comprising a hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellant; a physiologically effective amount of a medicament for inhalation; and an alkyl saccharide surfactant, wherein the medicament and the surfactant are suspended in the propellant as a finely divided powder.

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